Recent research published in ‘Frontiers in Marine Science’ sheds light on the complex relationship between illegal fishing and organized crime, revealing that the connection may not be as strong as commonly believed. The study, led by Mary Mackay from CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere in Hobart, Australia, undertook a systematic literature review and supplemented it with an analysis of over 330 media reports from 21 countries covering illegal fishing incidents from 2015 to 2019.
The findings indicate that while illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing poses significant threats to food security and marine sustainability, the evidence linking it to organized crime such as drug trafficking and arms smuggling is minimal. In fact, less than 2% of the media reports reviewed mentioned any crimes associated with illegal fishing, with the most frequently cited issues being violations of workers’ rights, forced labor, and modern slavery.
Mackay’s research introduces three distinct business models for maritime criminal activities, which help explain why certain crimes, particularly forced labor, are more prevalent in the context of illegal fishing. This nuanced understanding allows stakeholders to differentiate between various types of maritime crimes, directing efforts toward more effective solutions to combat illegal activities at sea.
The implications of this research are significant for various sectors, particularly those involved in fisheries management, maritime law enforcement, and social welfare organizations. By focusing on the specific crimes linked to illegal fishing, such as labor exploitation, authorities and organizations can develop targeted interventions to protect vulnerable populations and enhance social well-being.
Mackay emphasizes the importance of this clarity in her findings, stating, “By disentangling these crimes from one another, we can better focus on solutions to reduce illegal behavior on the sea.” This approach not only aids in combating illegal fishing but also opens up opportunities for businesses that prioritize sustainable practices and ethical labor conditions.
As the global demand for seafood continues to rise, the research underscores the need for a concerted effort to ensure that fisheries are managed sustainably and that the rights of workers are respected. This could lead to a more transparent seafood supply chain, potentially increasing market value for ethically sourced products and fostering consumer trust.