Ammonia (NH3) is making waves in the maritime industry as a potential game-changer in the quest for greener fuels. A recent review led by Vikas Sharma from the Advanced Engineering Centre at the University of Brighton dives deep into the combustion characteristics of ammonia in spark-ignition engines, shedding light on its potential to help the shipping sector reduce its carbon footprint.
The shipping industry, responsible for about 2-3% of global greenhouse gas emissions, faces increasing pressure to cut these numbers significantly. The International Maritime Organisation has set ambitious targets, aiming for a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. As traditional fuels fall under scrutiny, ammonia emerges as a zero-carbon alternative that could help meet these goals.
One of the standout features of ammonia is its high energy density—about 70% more than liquid hydrogen. This means that ammonia can deliver more energy per volume, making it a practical choice for maritime applications where space and weight are crucial. Sharma’s research highlights that while ammonia does have its challenges—like a high auto-ignition temperature and potential emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and unburned ammonia—there are innovative solutions on the horizon.
“The formation of nitrogen oxides and slip-NH3 is a critical concern,” Sharma notes, emphasizing the need for effective combustion strategies. By blending ammonia with more reactive fuels like hydrogen or natural gas, researchers have found ways to enhance its combustibility and reduce harmful emissions. This could be a significant step for ship operators looking to transition to cleaner fuels without overhauling their entire fleet.
The review also discusses the importance of combustion promoters and advanced injection techniques, which can optimize performance and minimize emissions. This is particularly relevant for shipowners and operators who are under pressure to comply with stricter environmental regulations while maintaining operational efficiency.
As the demand for sustainable practices grows, ammonia’s role in the maritime sector could become more pronounced. The production of renewable ammonia is on the rise, with projections indicating a jump from 0.02 million metric tons in 2021 to 15 million metric tons by 2030. This surge in availability makes it an attractive option for shipping companies looking to adopt greener technologies.
In summary, Sharma’s review published in ‘Energies’ offers a comprehensive look at the potential of ammonia as a fuel for spark-ignition engines, particularly in the maritime sector. By addressing the combustion challenges and emissions concerns associated with ammonia, this research paves the way for its adoption as a viable alternative fuel. As the maritime industry navigates the waters of decarbonization, ammonia could very well be the wind in its sails, steering it toward a more sustainable future.
