In a significant stride towards the safe commercialization of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), a recent study published in the journal ‘Frontiers in Marine Science’ (translated from Korean as ‘Marine Science Frontiers’) has shed light on the critical challenges and potential hazards these vessels may face under degraded states. The research, led by Hyeri Park from the Maritime Industry and Safety Research Division at the Korea Maritime Institute in Busan, focuses on the interactions among MASS, Remote Operations Centers (ROC), and Remote Operators (ROs), as defined by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).
The study employs the System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) methodology to identify hidden hazards that may arise when MASS operate in degraded conditions—situations where the ship remains within the operational environment but outside its operational design domain. “Loss of situational awareness, information asymmetry, delayed commands, and failures in inter-system coordination are primary risk factors during degraded conditions,” Park explains. These findings underscore the need for robust safety measures and operational guidelines to ensure the safe navigation of MASS, even in less-than-ideal scenarios.
The commercial implications of this research are substantial. As the maritime industry moves towards autonomous shipping, understanding and mitigating risks associated with degraded states is crucial for gaining stakeholder confidence and regulatory approval. The study’s identification of control actions and safety constraints provides a practical roadmap for developing risk-based operational modes and standards. This, in turn, can accelerate the adoption of MASS, opening up new opportunities for efficiency gains, reduced crew costs, and enhanced safety.
For maritime professionals, the insights gleaned from this research are invaluable. The study highlights the importance of situational awareness and effective communication between MASS, ROC, and ROs. It also emphasizes the need for inter-system coordination to prevent potential hazards. By addressing these areas, the maritime industry can pave the way for the safe and efficient operation of autonomous ships.
Park’s research contributes to the ongoing efforts to establish comprehensive safety standards for MASS. The findings can inform the development of regulatory frameworks and operational protocols, ensuring that autonomous shipping evolves in a safe and controlled manner. As the industry continues to embrace digitalization and automation, such studies will be instrumental in shaping the future of maritime operations.
In summary, the study by Hyeri Park and her team at the Korea Maritime Institute offers a critical analysis of the risks and safety measures associated with MASS operating in degraded states. By providing practical safety guidelines and control actions, the research paves the way for the safe commercialization of autonomous shipping, benefiting the maritime industry and its stakeholders.