In a significant step towards decarbonizing the maritime industry, a recent study published in ‘Energy Conversion and Management: X’ (translated as ‘Energy Conversion and Management: New’) outlines a comprehensive roadmap for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. The research, led by Mohamad Qayyum Mohd Tamam from the School of Architecture, Technology and Engineering at the University of Brighton, UK, delves into various strategies to decarbonize ship engines, a critical component of the global shipping industry.
The maritime sector, a backbone of global trade, emitted 706 million tonnes of CO2 in 2022, accounting for about 2% of global emissions. With the International Maritime Organization (IMO) setting ambitious targets for greenhouse gas reduction, the industry is under pressure to innovate and adapt. Tamam’s research emphasizes that internal combustion engines will remain the primary propulsion method for ships, but significant advancements in combustion technologies and fuel alternatives are necessary to meet the IMO’s goals.
The study proposes a phased approach, starting with operational optimizations and retrofitting existing engines with advanced technologies. This gradual transition aims to pave the way for more radical redesigns of thermodynamic cycles in the long term. A key focus is the shift from traditional petroleum-based fuels to zero-carbon alternatives. “Moving away from long-chain carbon fuels towards zero-carbon fuels is the proposed pathway towards removing CO2 altogether from exhaust emission,” Tamam explains.
One of the most promising short-term solutions highlighted in the research is the adoption of liquefied natural gas (LNG). With 36% of ships on order opting for LNG, and ports worldwide developing infrastructure for LNG, hydrogen, and ammonia bunkering, the industry is showing a strong commitment to decarbonization. However, the study also underscores the need for careful consideration of retrofit options, economic viability, and port infrastructure preparedness to support these alternative fuels.
For maritime professionals, the research presents both challenges and opportunities. The transition to zero-carbon fuels and advanced engine technologies requires significant investment and infrastructure development. However, it also opens doors for innovation, collaboration, and the creation of new business models. As Tamam notes, “The implementation and utilization of various fuel and engine technologies will be crucial in achieving the 2050 IMO target.”
The study serves as a call to action for the maritime industry to embrace change and work towards a sustainable future. With the right strategies and investments, the sector can significantly reduce its carbon footprint and contribute to global efforts against climate change. As the industry navigates this transition, the insights from Tamam’s research will be invaluable in guiding decision-making and driving progress.