Researchers from the Nanyang Technological University in Singapore have developed an energy-constrained navigation framework designed to optimize the performance of planetary rovers powered by hybrid radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) and solar systems. Their work addresses a critical challenge in long-duration space exploration: ensuring rovers can operate efficiently under fluctuating power conditions while adhering to strict energy constraints.
The team, led by Tianxin Hu and including Weixiang Guo, Ruimeng Liu, Xinhang Xu, Rui Qian, Jinyu Chen, Shenghai Yuan, and Lihua Xie, presents a novel approach that integrates physics-based models of power consumption with trajectory optimization. Unlike traditional methods that focus solely on terrain traversability or geometric smoothness, their framework explicitly accounts for translational, rotational, and resistive power demands, as well as baseline subsystem loads. This ensures that the rover’s movements remain dynamically feasible while staying within prescribed power limits.
The researchers’ simulations on lunar-like terrain demonstrate the effectiveness of their method. Their planner generates trajectories that keep peak power consumption within 0.55 percent of the prescribed limit, a significant improvement over existing methods that often exceed these limits by over 17 percent. This precision is crucial for missions where power availability is constrained, such as those relying on hybrid RTG-solar systems.
The practical applications of this research extend beyond planetary exploration. In the maritime sector, where vessels increasingly rely on hybrid power systems, similar energy-constrained navigation frameworks could enhance operational efficiency. Ships equipped with hybrid propulsion systems—combining traditional engines with renewable energy sources like wind or solar—could benefit from trajectory planning that optimizes energy use while ensuring compliance with power constraints. This could lead to reduced fuel consumption, lower emissions, and extended operational ranges, particularly in remote or environmentally sensitive areas.
Moreover, the principles behind this research could be adapted for autonomous maritime vehicles, such as unmanned surface vessels (USVs) or underwater drones. These platforms often operate in environments where power availability is limited, and energy efficiency is paramount. By integrating energy-constrained planning into their navigation systems, these vehicles could achieve longer mission durations and improved reliability.
The researchers’ work highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in advancing autonomous systems. By drawing on expertise in robotics, energy systems, and space exploration, they have developed a framework that could have far-reaching implications for both terrestrial and extraterrestrial applications. As the maritime industry continues to explore hybrid power solutions, the lessons learned from this research could pave the way for more efficient and sustainable operations at sea. Read the original research paper here.