In a significant stride towards enhancing the efficiency and control of smart transformers, a team of researchers led by Kangan Wang from the Logistics Engineering College at Shanghai Maritime University has introduced a novel topology for DC–DC converters. The study, published in the journal *Energies*, focuses on current-fed quadruple active-bridge (CF-QAB) DC–DC converters, which are integral to smart transformers (STs) equipped with battery energy storage systems (BESSs). These transformers are pivotal for managing future distribution grids that incorporate distributed generators (DGs) and BESSs.
Smart transformers are essentially power electronic-based transformers that come with advanced control and communication capabilities. They play a crucial role in modernizing the grid, making it more adaptable to renewable energy sources and energy storage solutions. The research presented by Wang and his team introduces a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) architecture based on CF-QAB DC–DC converters. This architecture simplifies the coordination of system-level power transmission and distribution, offering a more streamlined approach compared to traditional methods.
One of the standout features of this new topology is its ability to reduce the number of devices required by approximately 20% when compared to the quadruple active bridge/dual active bridge (QAB/DAB) + Boost baseline. This reduction not only cuts down on the complexity and cost of the system but also enhances its reliability and efficiency.
The core component of the proposed ST architecture is the CF-QAB DC–DC converter. The researchers have illustrated the operation principles of this component and derived a small-signal model to better understand its behavior. Based on this model, they developed a control system using the individual channel design method. This control system effectively decouples the highly coupled low-voltage (LV) and BESS DC ports, significantly simplifying the control system structure and design process.
The experimental results presented in the study validate the effectiveness of the proposed DC–DC converter and its associated control system. This breakthrough has profound implications for the maritime sector, where the integration of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems is becoming increasingly important. Smart transformers equipped with advanced DC–DC converters can enhance the efficiency and reliability of power distribution on ships and in port facilities, contributing to the overall sustainability and operational efficiency of maritime operations.
As Kangan Wang explains, “The proposed CF-QAB DC–DC converter topology and control system offer a more efficient and simplified approach to managing power in smart transformers. This can lead to significant improvements in the performance and reliability of power distribution systems, particularly in the maritime sector.”
The study published in *Energies* (translated as “Energies” in English) highlights the potential of this technology to revolutionize the way power is managed in modern grids. For maritime professionals, this means opportunities to adopt more advanced and efficient power distribution systems, ultimately leading to cost savings and enhanced operational capabilities. The research underscores the importance of continued innovation in power electronics and control systems to meet the evolving demands of the energy landscape.