In the icy waters of the Arctic, a silent conversation is taking place, one that’s increasingly being disrupted by the hum of vessel traffic. A recent study, led by Veronica L. M. Coppolaro from the Centre for Earth Observation Science at the University of Manitoba, has shed light on how this noise pollution is affecting the vocal behavior of walruses and belugas in the marine region of Southampton Island, Nunavut, Canada.
The study, published in the journal ‘Frontiers in Marine Science’ (which translates to ‘Frontiers in Marine Science’ in English), found that walrus vocalization rates decreased during and after vessel encounters. “Our findings demonstrate that vessel traffic influences walrus vocal behavior,” Coppolaro stated, highlighting the need for updated maritime navigation mitigation measures in the area.
The research used passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) to collect underwater acoustic data from June to November 2018. Vessel movements were tracked using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, allowing the team to compare noise sources by vessel type. The results showed that walrus vocalization rates were significantly lower in the presence of ships than motorboats. Interestingly, belugas were never recorded during motorboat transits, which may indicate avoidance behavior, although the data was insufficient to confirm this.
For the maritime industry, these findings underscore the importance of considering the environmental impact of vessel traffic in sensitive areas. As Arctic shipping routes become increasingly viable due to receding ice, the need for responsible navigation practices is more pressing than ever. Coppolaro’s study suggests that updated mitigation measures could help protect marine life while allowing for sustainable commercial activity.
The study also presents an opportunity for the maritime sector to innovate. Companies that invest in quieter vessel technology or develop strategies to minimize noise pollution could gain a competitive edge. Moreover, they could contribute to the preservation of marine ecosystems, which is increasingly important to consumers and regulators alike.
In the meantime, the study serves as a reminder that the Arctic’s waters are not just a highway for ships, but a home to a rich diversity of life. As Coppolaro puts it, “The marine region of Southampton Island is a recognized key area for many marine mammal species.” It’s a delicate balance, but one that the maritime industry, with the right measures in place, can help maintain.